In this paper we introduce the idea of the dual process framework (DPF), an interdisciplinary
approach to the study of learning, memory, thinking, and action. Departing from the
successful reception of Vaisey (2009), we suggest that intradisciplinary debates in sociology
regarding the merits of “dual process” formulations can benefit from a better understanding
of the theoretical foundations of these models in cognitive and social psychology. We argue
that the key is to distinguish the general DPF from more specific applications to particular
domains, which we refer to as dual process models (DPMs). We show how different DPMs
can be applied to a variety of analytically distinct issues of interest to cultural sociologists
beyond specific issues related to morality, such as culture in learning, culture in memory,
culture in thinking, and culture in acting processes. We close by outlining the implications
of our argument for relevant work in cultural sociology.